EcoRestoration Alliance

EcoRestoration Alliance · v10f · April 2026

Cooling Climate Quickly

A New Perspective Reveals New Options

Healthy ecosystems cool the planet: rapidly and powerfully by driving water cycles, slowly but surely by sequestering carbon.

What This Paper Argues

We are losing the climate battle because our primary analytical tool — carbon accounting — blinds us to the fastest solutions available. Living ecosystems cool the planet through mechanisms largely invisible to carbon frameworks, and these mechanisms are being destroyed.

In January 2020, a shipping regulation accidentally ran a planetary experiment: cutting ship-fuel sulfur by 80% dimmed the clouds those ships had been seeding for a century. Ocean temperatures visibly warmed within months — not decades. The effect was two to four times larger than models predicted. The implication is stark: cloud formation, evapotranspiration, and biological aerosol production are fast-acting climate levers that carbon accounting simply cannot see.

Forests are the largest source of cloud-seeding aerosols over land. When forests are cleared, the same dimming mechanism fires — without anyone measuring it, funding it, or counting it. Marine phytoplankton play the same role over the ocean. Every hectare of degraded ecosystem is a missed lever.

Core Claim

Ecosystem degradation accounts for an estimated 15–45% of total climate forcing — comparable to fossil fuels at the upper end — and includes the only components that can be rapidly reversed. Biophysical cooling from ecosystem restoration is at least 3× carbon sequestration on the critical 10–20 year timescale, with local cooling of 2–4°C arriving within months.

These interventions produce livability — food security, water security, breathable air — as an inseparable co-product. They are not "co-benefits." They are the primary outputs of a living planet.

The paper introduces two concepts that reframe what "effective climate action" means: lability — how fast an intervention produces measurable cooling — and human-adjacency — how directly it benefits the communities who implement it. When you score interventions on lability and human-adjacency alongside magnitude, ecosystem restoration rises to the top. It is precisely the interventions invisible to carbon accounting, and therefore unfunded, that score highest.


Key Findings at a Glance

Cooling power

Biophysical cooling from ecosystem restoration is at least 3× carbon sequestration on the 10–20 year timescale.

15–45%
Hidden forcing

Ecosystem degradation accounts for an estimated 15–45% of total climate forcing — comparable to fossil fuels at the upper end.

2–4°C
Cool dome

Every restored landscape produces a measurable island of local cooling within months of restoration.

W/m²
Common currency

Watts per square metre measures all climate mechanisms on equal terms — carbon and non-carbon alike.


About This Work

Authors and contributors: This paper synthesises work by many contributors, including Peter Bunyard, Rob de Laet, Anastassia Makarieva, Howard Dryden, Brian Von Herzen, Stuart Cowan, Philip Bogdonoff, David Ellison, Ali Bin Shahid, Didi Pershouse, and others. It was prepared by the EcoRestoration Alliance in partnership with Biodiversity for a Livable Climate, the Climate Foundation, and the Buckminster Fuller Institute. Per-contributor roles and contribution types are tracked in the Contributors Spreadsheet.

Governance: The paper is developed as a living, co-authored document under a transparent contribution framework. Scope, authorship criteria, and rollout plan are documented in the Governance Working Document, which is open for comment by contributors and reviewers.

How it was written: The paper was developed through an intensive human–AI collaboration that began in March 2026 — opening with a physics question about vegetation and blackbody radiation and expanding, over successive drafts, into a multi-mechanism synthesis grounded in published data and physical first principles.

The Making-of Story

The sparks, the dead ends, the unexpected connections — and the collaborative process behind the paper — are documented in a companion piece.

Read the full story of the collaboration →

How ERA Members Can Participate

ERA's network spans scientists, practitioners, and allied organizations worldwide. The paper is designed to be tested, amplified, and extended by that network. Three ways to engage: